I discovered what I think is a duping bug, but I haven't been able to replicate it since the first time.
The first scenario went like this:
I placed 4 turrets near a biter base using the Krastorio early game construction drones, placed ammo in them and let them work.
At some point I ordered a deconstruction plan on them.
2 of them must have become damaged at some point before the drones picked them back up, as I suddenly had 6 turrets in my inventory. 4 normal ones, and 2 damaged ones.
Edit: I DO have a bunch of other mods running, but other than Krastorio none of them should interact with the turrets or drones.