There is no way to get gold on the planet, and when using lignumis along side it, you need the steam science pack to research the pod tech. and for that you need gold on surface.

You also need wood/lumber/wood gear wheels for the wooden science pack and to make labs since Lignumis adds wooden belts to the lab recipe.

Wait, I made this same mistake on Hard Vulcanus. We can make a rocket and export the science packs. No need for labs, or wooden science, on Arig.

Do I actually need to manually insert everything until the cargo pods research (including stuff like rocket) or how do I make an inserter? I need wood for any inserter.

I personally turned off all the progressive recipes in Lignumis but yeah Arig doesn't natively have any way to make wood.

There is a wooden Arig mod to add that as a possible option.
https://mods.factorio.com/mod/wooden-arig