I have tried the newest version of the mods and older versions and it still only does this:

Fehler beim Laden der Mods
Fehler beim Laden der Mods: Error while running setup for entity prototype "outer-rim-stationary-platform-placer" (mining-drill): next_upgrade can't be set when flag 'not-upgradable' is set.
Mods, die deaktiviert werden müssen:
. cloud-city (0.9.7)
PlanetsLib (1.17.1) Mod-Einstellungen zurucksetzen

Not sure, but it seems you have to update cloud-city

If you keep cloud city on a low version because 5dim explicitly causes this issue then I can't help you. I'll increase the required version number for cloud city then that will not let you try to load into an invalid state.

updated the required cloud city version, you can no longer load into a known invalid state.

I have updated all mods to the newest version and I still get this error

Fehler beim Laden der Mods
Fehler beim Laden der Mods: Error while running setup for entity prototype "outer-rim-stationary-platform-placer" (mining-drill): next_upgrade can't be set when flag 'not-upgradable' is set.
Mods, die deaktiviert werden müssen:
. cloud-city (0.10.1)
. PlanetsLib (1.17.1)Mod-Einstellungen zurücksetzen
. aai-industry (0.6.16)Mod-Einstellungen zurücksetzen

Yeah, I'll need a modlist.

It is a third party mod forcing an upgrade on one of my internal entities. The only thing it does is break things. I have zero power over it, the only thing I can do is mark the incompatibility until the other mod gets fixed.

I have these mods:

Basis-Mod
Hochbahnen
Qualität
Space Age
Carna
Muluna, Mond von Nauvis
Paracelsin
Rubia
Secretas&Frozeta
Vesta
Planet Rubia Assets
AAI Containers & Warehouses
AAI Industry
AAI Loaders
AAI Programmable Vehicles
AAI Signal Übertragung
AAI Signals
AAI Vehicles: Chaingunner
AAI Vehicles: Flame Tank
AAI Vehicles: Flame Tumbler
AAI Vehicles: Hauler
AAI Vehicles: Ironclad
AAI Vehicles: Laser Tank
Accumulator V2
Accumulator Walls
Advanced Solar High Resolution
Alien Biomes
Alien Biomes Graphics
Aquilo Overhaul: Better Aquilo
Armoured Biters
Artillery Combinator
Asteroid Belt
Asteroid Collector MK2
Auto Deconstruct
Automatic Station Painter
Automatic Train Painter
Barreling Group
Barreling Machines
Better Energy Production
Beyond Belts
Big accumulator
Big solar panel
Bigger Artillery
Blueprint Manipulation Library
Bob's Adjustable Inserters mod
Bob's Functions Library mod
Bob's Greenhouse mod
Bob's Logistics mod
Bob's Mining mod
Bob's Modules mod
Bob's Personal Equipment mod
Bob's Power mod
Bottleneck Lite
Bullet Trails
Calciner
Canal Excavator
Canal Excavator Graphics
Cargo Crates
Cargo Ships
Cargo Ships Graphics
Carna Assets - Enemies
Carna Assets 1
Carna Assets 2
Carna Assets 3
Celestial Weather
Clean Floor
Cleaned Concrete
Cloud City
colorful_biochamber
Configurable Beacons
Deepsea Mechanic
Diesel Cargo Ships
Diesel Engine
Diesel Machines
Disco Science
Distant Shores
Dyson Sphere SLP
Electric Tiles
Electric Transmission Tower
Electronic Locomotives
Elevated pipes
Enhanced Shadows
Entity GUI Library
Even Distribution
Explosive Biters
Factorio Data Standards Library
Factorio Library
Factory Planner
Flare Stack
Flow Control
Fluid recycler
Frost Biters
FTL Ships
Fusion Robots
God Module
God Module with Quality
Grappling Gun
Heavy Gun Turret
InformaTron
Iper Belt
Jetpack
Lamp post
Laser Fence
Laser Walls
Lighthouse Radar
Long range delivery drones (fork)
LTN - Logistic Train Network (Logistiknetz für Züge)
LTN Combinator Modernized
LTN Manager
LTN Sprachpaket (Übersetzungen für LTN)
Lubrication Tower
Machine Upgrades
Minimal Electric Rails
More Roboport Charge Pads with Quality
More Roboports
Multi-surface Promethium Plate Recipe
Muluna Graphics
Muluna Utility Constants
Nonstandard Beacons
Orbital Cannon
Paracelsin Graphics
Pipe Plus
Planet Vesta assets
Planet Vesta assets pack 2
PlanetsLib
Plutonium Energy
Power Armor MK3
Powered machine
Productivity Fix
Protocol's Extended Runtime Event Library
Pushbutton
Quality Lab
Repair Turret
Rocket Cargo Insertion
RPG System
Science group
Science Spread
Secretas/Frozeta Orbit Patch
Shield Projector
Show Max Underground Distance
Show my damage
Sichtbare Planeten im Weltraum
SLP - Dyson Sphere Reworked
Solar Matrix
Solar Walls
Space Exploration Graphics Part 1
Space Exploration Graphics Part 4
Speed Control
Spidertron Enhancements
Spidertron Patrols
Spidertron Tiers (community updates)
Spidertron: Deal With It Sunglasses
Squeak Through 2
Talandar Cargo Ships Tweaks
Thruster Upgrades
Tile Upgrade Planner (Muluna Fork)
Toxic Biters
Various Asteroid Grabbers
Various Cargo Bays
VehicleSnap
Where Is MyBody
Wooden Platform

I just clicked on some mods that sounded interesting (or that I wanted)

Thank you for responding so fast :)

Nothing sticks out, except the stuff I can't search for.

Sichtbare Planeten im Weltraum
Machine Upgrades

Here are the links to the two mods you could not find

https://mods.factorio.com/mod/visible-planets
https://mods.factorio.com/mod/machine-upgrades

Only thing I could do is a binary search with that save. (cut half the mods, then if it does not crash then the issue is in the half you removed, repeat until you have a small set of mods left)