It's only happened this once, which makes me think of a race condition or similar. The server machine hasn't shown any other signs of hardware issues but I agree it's a possibility.
The crash happened on the server, we were able to save the game on the client and continue from there with no issues.
I very cleverly forgot to save factorio-current.log before overwriting it by running the game a couple more times, but I'll paste the relevant parts of the latest one in the next comment (trimming it down because my modlist is long and some of them like to spam).
I'm considering posting it to the forum but my thought was that as it was a mod issue the mod author would be the best person to take a look and report it. If schnurrebutz doesn't respond I'll post a thread.