The biggest issue i could see with the railbound vehicle mentioned is the same issue with miners and that is storage with the added issue of needed to also supply tracks. As once the wagons are full it would have 1 of 2 options. The first being it stops the second be it keeps going spilling up to infinite items on the ground. If it ran out of tracks it could only stop. To make this feasible you would want to do 2 things. Make a never ending stop. Pretty much the bore head of the train would always have a stop called like "tunnel" that would always be just out of reach. The other thing you would need is either the ability to monitor cargo contents via circuits and/or custom cargo containers. (the the circuit thing is not already something doable in vanilla)
What i would recommend for the last items is circuit based stuff. For compatibility make a building or circuit that lets you monitor trains cargo amounts remotely. This is so you dont need to make custom cargo containers for every modded container.
This would combine in the train of you choice trying to go to "tunnel" then you could have a circuit condition for when the cargo is full to toggle "drop off" station and toggle "tunnel". This would let you empty the train and refill the rails and such. For more flexibility and less endless digging, you could have it also able to have the "tunnel" station, be optionally a set point.
With the other vehicle this is a nice idea, but the logistical issue i see is supplying the belts. Since vehicles will have a hard to driving on the placed belt making it harder to navigate. Could get around this with the belts being placed on the side with an addition belt "feeding" the vehicle, so you could autofeed it belts.