Okay so I was bored this morning and decided to take a crack at it - thank you for calling out that line, it made testing this much more bearable.
In a save where only Rubia + its dependents were installed, I started enabling mods until I found the culprit: somehow, it is being caused by Color Coded Pipes. If I have only that mod installed + Rubia, the Rubia menu simulations start taking forever to load, just like I described in my first comment. Mod link: https://mods.factorio.com/mod/color-coded-pipes
Genuinely no idea why that would be causing an issue, but it's not mission-critical or anything so I'll disable it for now. I'll go report this in that mod's discussion board.