A few things:
1) Not "power generation", that's "power storage". The techs that unlock the recipes you talk about are called energy storage techs. Pretty fundamental distinction. Your wind turbines produce a lot of energy sometimes, and very little other times, so you need a way to capture spikes of energy production to use later. The same concept as vanilla accumulators, except those are moderately high tech in Nullius, plus even when you get them they're not great at storing energy for longer periods of time compared to fluid energy tanks. You're not expected to get more energy back out of energy storage methods than you put in, that's not the point of them. But you don't lose as high a ratio as you're suggesting either, because your math is off in other ways.
2) I think you're missing that most people need carbon dioxide from that process, so they're already producing huge quantities of nitrogen that they don't need and then discarding it through chimneys. So nitrogen is essentially free, up until the point that you run out of byproduct. So compressed nitrogen may not be your sole energy storage solution, it's a pretty good option for a large chunk of it, using the nitrogen that you already produce and discard. If you have to produce it from scratch just for energy storage, you'd be better off using hydrogen and oxygen energy storage. Or if you wanted the simplicity of compressed air storage, you could just use compressed air directly instead of compressed nitrogen. But up to a certain point it's unfair to include the air filter or distillery in your accounting, since it's a waste product.
3) I think your math for compressors is off. 3 compressors is more than you need for that. You can't just round up to the nearest whole number of buildings because if it's more than you need they won't be in operation 100% of the time, and won't consume their full power when not in use. The true energy cost of compressing nitrogen is reasonably close to the amount you get back, minus some inefficiency for lower tech turbines and compressors.
4) You wouldn't use a priority compressor for energy storage. Energy storage is precisely the use case in which you want surge compressors/electrolyzers plus backup turbines. Read the FAQ for more information on that stuff.