I encountered the issue with several other planetary mods enabled, but the same save file worked fine on other machines. The problem machine was an older laptop. I had to not only ensure the atlas size was set to 8196, but also ensure the video ram usage was set to High or All. (Medium and Low continued to fail with the error that this thread is titled after). I also had all other graphical settings turned to minimum/off, just to make sure. Hopefully if others encounter the same issue, making the same adjustments will work for them as well.