I found a way to identify which mod or dependency was updated and restore the previously working versions:
Disable T.I.M.S.A.B.A. temporarily so that Factorio can reach the main menu.
Go to Play → Load Game.
Select the last save that worked correctly.
Find the Sync mods with save button in the upper-right corner.
Hold Ctrl and left-click that button.
A normal click synchronizes the save with the latest available mod versions. Using Ctrl + left-click makes Factorio select the exact mod versions recorded in the save, including the startup settings.
working version of the T.I.M.S.A.B.A. 1.17.5 mod