I got a response from the author of More Quality Scaling regarding fixing the issue on its side. This was their response:
Fixing this from my side would be cumbersome - to set up its entity maps, MUTC uses hidden recipes for each original/mu-clone pair. This requires each "original" to have an item with the same name, otherwise the recipe would be invalid.
While it seems to me to be possible to create all the required recipes and items (and add them to the list inside the hidden technology), I'm not sure if this would cause some side effects with MUTC or other mods.
I wouldn't want to implement this in the MQS mod natively (code bloat, risk of later incompatibilities, ...), though perhaps a "MQS/MUTC compat mod" could attempt to create the compatibility between the mods this way...
The easiest option would probably still be if MUTC a) added a final-fixes script which, if MQS is installed, adds the hidden items/recipes it requires for all the quality variants (requires optional or hidden dependency on MQS to be sure to run afterwards, when the variants actually exist) OR b) changed the replacement logic to be aware of the added quality suffix (I'd be happy to add a mod data entry for that - eg. a map from qualitized variants to the "normal" one, list of used suffixes, maybe even a collaborative suffix priority and decongestion system if necessary).
A variant of option b) would be to generally replace the "hidden technology effects, recipes and items" construct with a MUTC-specific mod data entry, where I could add entries without risk of side effects (or I added my own mod data for MUTC to look at - there are many ways to organize compatibility with mod data entries).
While quality doesn't have any effects on locomotives without mods, the idea of having some compatibility for a quality suffix seems like a reasonable idea and a nice approach from an outsider perspective. Would something like this be possible?