Unfortunately, this doesn't seem possible. There's no way in Factorio to give beacons category like you can with modules, so a "void beacon" isn't possible. The only thing that would be possible would be putting speed runes into regular beacons, and, if you did that, they would affect every machine in the radius, including non-voidworks; you could also use speed modules in beacons to affect voidworks. So beacons probably aren't going to happen. However, in the most recent version (1.3.4) I gave speed runes a pretty significant buff to try to make them more appealing despite this.