Just got this again. It seems to occur only after moving to a new planet in Space Exploration.
From looking at the code, I think you could fix it by moving the create surface to occur as part of a get_transformer_surface() function which first checks if the surface exists and creates it if it doesn't, then returns the correct surface.
19869.389 Error MainLoop.cpp:1285: Exception at tick 20711847: The mod Power Overload (1.1.4) caused a non-recoverable error.
Please report this error to the mod author.
Error while running event PowerOverload::on_built_entity (ID 6)
PowerOverload/control.lua:43: attempt to index local 'transformer_surface' (a nil value)
stack traceback:
PowerOverload/control.lua:43: in function 'create_update_transformer'
PowerOverload/control.lua:92: in function <PowerOverload/control.lua:86>
19869.389 Error ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:91: MultiplayerManager failed: "The mod Power Overload (1.1.4) caused a non-recoverable error.
Please report this error to the mod author.