I apologize, but if it seems like I have not given you the details, it is because no further details are necessary. I have provided you with the details of when this happens. There are no other conditions that limit when this occurs. I mean to say that this happens under absolutely all circumstances for any reason.
It seems I was not clear, so I will elaborate. With those mods installed (Krastorio 2, Factorissimo 2, Smart Linked Chests), placing any Factorissimo factory will cause this error. This happens at the beginning of the game, in the middle of the game, at the end of the game, on any surface, in any place, at any time, whenever any Factory building is placed.
Small Factories, Medium Factories, and Large Factories all do this. This happens even when there are no chests or, in fact, any items in the entire game placed anywhere at all for any reason in a brand-new game with nothing going on. I have repeated the steps well over thirty times while reloading my game for hours to effectively narrow it down to that one minimum set of mods that causes the problem. This bug is perfectly consistent and replicable in my experience. I have to do it this way because there is no way to use the mod Factorissimo that does not involve placing Factory buildings on the ground somewhere.
It does not appear to relate to any settings that I have set in anything because resetting all three mods to default settings makes no change.
In the meantime, I have played well over 16 hours of a game where this is occurring out of curiosity and discovered that the presence of the error does not appear to correlate to any sort of functional problem in the experience. It's still possible to place Surface Linked Chests inside the factory and link them to things on the parent surface, the error simply repeats once per placed Factory building. Crossing three thousand chests I have not found any indication of performance issues or other problems. Also of note is that the error will reoccur if an occupied Factory is picked up and replaced or moved, which I believe indicates that it's a problem with the way the link is established between the two surfaces and not the generation of a new area on the Factorissimo surface.
Edit: Also to be especially clear, the error will happen every time a Factory building is placed and the parent surface is linked to the Factorissimo 2 surface, regardless of the presence of any Smart Linked Chests anywhere in the world. The error is only associated with the placement of the Factory, and does not reoccur when linked chests are placed around or inside or anywhere else.