Asteroids not bugs, and yes, they don't take expected amount of damage.
Without your mod, my spaceship can run at 240km/s to inner planets without any problems, cause my blue piercing rounds deals 12.8+35.84, while turrets is doing 12.8+172. As can be seen on left side of the attached image.
After adding your mod to my save and before doing any range research, everything seems to be correct, as can be seen on middle part of the attached image.
Unfortunately after doing the very first range research, turrets gets borked - notice Effect part on right side of the attached image - value there went down from 12.8+172 to 12.8+35.84, which results in fiery explosion of my spaceship at route to any inner planet at 240 km/s.
Also notice that the object source (? not sure if it is the correct term) - on the left it is Base Mod -> Space Age, on middle one it is Base Mod -> Space Age -> Turret Range Resarch and on right side it is -> Turret Range Resarch
https://imgur.com/a/wft97OZ