Its user adjustable, every time it gets those kills, it will upgrade.
As to scaling, that would mean I would need to guess the next quality level.
The way I have this setup is to be agnostic as possible to maximize mod compatibility.
Someone will be adding an elebenty kajillion quality level mod, and this as it stand can handle that.
Adding logarithmic would be fun, since technically you can set up a kill field and harvest legendary turrets for their goodies, but that I leave as a responsibility to the user.
As to asteroids, I haven't gotten a chance to check. It works on the turret kill count.