Hi,
Your question can't be answered simply with numbers and depends on your system.
Generally speaking, the use of the HD mods in Factorio has virtually no direct impact on your UPS (Updates Per Second) because the game strictly separates factory logic from visual rendering. Higher resolution textures primarily put a heavy load on your graphics card and its video memory (VRAM), while UPS depends strictly on CPU and RAM performance.
However, the HD mods can still indirectly slow down your game if your graphics card runs completely out of VRAM. When this happens, the PC is forced to move texture data into the regular system RAM, which drastically slows down the CPU calculations. Additionally, if an overwhelmed graphics card causes your FPS to drop severely, the game may artificially lower the UPS to keep both values synchronized.
Ultimately, as long as your hardware has enough VRAM, your factory should run perfectly fine.
