I think it is a bug since construction bots do not work like this.
I put rail and turret near rails. I drive a train into rail covered by turret. I stop and get out and damage train manually. turrets repair it. It works like this.
non-working case: I put rails and turret near rails. I damage the train far away (not near turrets area). then I drive train into turret area. turrets do not repair the damage until I damage the train manually within the covered area. train can stop or move, does not matter.
turrets only repair if they "witness" damage. they ignore the damage but also warn about missing bots (the icon about missing bots show up) if a damage entity enters its covered area.