This appears to do a lot of the same things that Rampant (and Rampant Fixed) does. What would you say are the biggest differences between them? Would you recommend this mod ahead of Rampant in all scenarios?

I'd say the goal is the same but Rampant has a much more in-depth system: pheromones, spawning, tunneling, dead biters turning into water, and so on.
My approach was more about making defense not fully automatable, and taking a much more UPS-friendly route.
Rampant reworks how enemies work, my mod adds bonus mechanics but do not replace the the basic mechanic.
For a complete biter overhaul → Rampant
For more interesting enemy gameplay → Rampant or this mod
Better enemies in the late game without a hard UPS impact → this mod