Make the fluid processing recipes more imperfect with new gases. Now an expandalone!
Mods introducing new content into the game.
Things related to oil and other fluids.
Furnaces, assembling machines, production chains.
Running out of everything. XD
Not sure if it would be feasible to increase the yield on some of decrease the neccessary intake.
If you running out of one thing, might be unbalanced, but if you running out of everything, maybe just apply the number one rule of Factorio: You have to build more ;)