Sulfur from Acid Gas takes Evaporation Processing 1 research, which takes Py Science 1 (red vial), which isn't available to me yet. I've unlocked Py Science 1, but I'm a long way from having the infrastructure to make it.
Acid Gas from Tailings also takes Evaporation Processing 1 research, same as above.
Tailings from Tar takes Tar Queching research, which I have.
I'm nowhere near being able to do Py Science 1 yet. So while this is better news than I started with, the bug report stands: bullets can't be made until long after they are "unlocked".