I just replicated the same thing on a fresh world with only onlyNauvis enabled on 2.1.17. As far as I can tell, the base game's data/recycler/recycling.lua has some functions that manage normal recycling:
- get_effects() retrieves
data.raw.technology.recycling.effects
- add_recipe_unlock() adds
{ type = "unlock-recipe", recipe = recipe.name, hidden = true } to that table
- generate_self_recycling_recipe() runs against all the normal items, generating a "-recycling" recipe, and using the above functions to assign it to the "Recycling" tech.
From a cursory look at your code, onlyNauvis hides the "recycling" technology, and substitutes it with the scrap-belt-discovery tech which specifically unlocks the "planet", recycler, and the scrap-recycling recipe.
Since we don't hit the normal recycling technology with this path, the normal recipes don't unlock.