As noted, sand is a resource that shows up on the map like stone/iron/etc. The big difference is that it is always and only generated on sand tiles.
In default factorio 0.15, this is sand/sand-dark.
For Factorio 0.16, this is the four sand-# tiles, AND the four red-desert-# tiles. Red sand got added due to the larger number of biomes making sand less common.
Alien Biomes won't have any of it's sand types added to the list of viable spawn locations, so you'd have to look for a vanilla desert. They should still spawn, but would be less common due to the higher number of biomes.