This is probably out-of-scope, but I wonder if you can use a "furnace" intermediary. Rather than hooking the Plasma output directly to the Thruster, hook it to a new custom Crafting Machine with several different recipes, each for a different temperature range. Each recipe would consume Plasma and produce as much Hot Fluoroketone as that plasma cost to generate, but would generate a different amount of proprietary "fusion thruster fuel" fluid based on fluid temperature.
Now this might be a bit clumsy to set up for the player if this were using the Assembler interface, but I wonder if a Furnace can be used for this. Furnaces pick their own recipe based on the ingredient, but I don't know if that process respects fluid temperature. Which is to say - whether it can choose between several recipes with the same fluid input but different temp requirements. That removes the need for hidden entities and means you can scale fuel production based on Plasma temperature.
The biggest bit of clunk here is that you end up with many duplicated recipes for the same thing, which... isn't exactly great practice. It also means that this can't scale infinitely, though I'm not sure how high up neighbour bonus can even go.
edit
Near as I can tell, you can't do much more than this with Fluid Temperature. The only things which respect temperature are generators (which can only generate electric power), reactors (which are heavily hard-coded) and ingredients/results, though there's no native way to link output to input temperature. In particular, Space Age implementations are pretty hard-coded, with very little customisation exposed for modding, unfortunately.