I had not thought to try negative numbers, oddly they are indeed acceptable. However, it does not work like we had hoped. Assigning -4 to the big pole, a pole with a -8 x -8 supply area is produced. But even if it did work as desired, it would only work for one quality level. In the base game, every entity has a prototype defined and the API allows many things to be changed, like the wire and supply area of an electric pole. However, Quality is coded differently, it is mathematically applied to the base prototype at runtime. There is no specific prototype to change, I am unable to set the max wire length or supply area of any pole other than normal, all of the higher quality poles are generated.
I did make a request for the devs to restore the ability to make transmission only poles. But don't expect anything to come from it. Transmission only poles are not a part of the game and electric network mods are not very popular.