Tried to start a game using the biteorio preset, but there are no ore patches and no loot from the ship so nothing is craftable nor mineable. Am I missing something?

Also no weapons on the character

Yep! Or no, depending on what you mean

But in this mod the only way to get resources is to kill bugs!

But without weapons, how?

To clarify: when I started a game my entire inventory was empty, and I had no weapons either.

That is intentional, you've got to go kill some bugs with your hands