Despite the production of sulfuric acid,
The recipe for crafting Uranium Ore, which is unlocked by crafting Sulfuric Acid during the Trigger skill, is not unlocked.

Crafting Sulfuric Acid doesn't unlock anything. Crafting Uranium Ore is unlocked by the Uranium Mining research, which is a research that takes Red, Green, and Blue science packs.

Possibly you have other mods installed that are changing tech dependencies? I'm open to making compatibility fixes, but first I would need to know what other mod(s) might be changing things.

https://mods.factorio.com/mod/atan-nuclear-science?from=search
Nuclear Science by atanvarno Mod
I've confirmed that the above mod turns research into a trigger, but the trigger doesn't release. It's currently unlocked via console.
Could it be related to Requires Technology Electric mining drill, Sulfur processing

The issue is almost certainly that the Nuclear Science mod makes the Electric Drill research a prereq of Uranium Mining, but Seablock removes the Electric Drill research.

The simplest workaround for now (without using the console) would be to play with Seablock's "Disable Mining Drills" config setting turned off, which will let you research electric drills and should make Uranium Mining enable correctly once you've done that.

From my side, I can try to make the tech-hiding in this mod a bit smarter by looking for techs that have removed techs as a dependency and remove that dependency. It likely won't work for every case, but should help for other cases like this one.

The newly-published 1.5.4 has handling to try to fix up cases where other mods have caused technologies to take a dependency on one removed by this mod, so Nuclear Science should work better alongside it.