This mod can be used as a simple alternative to marathon mode. It increases science costs significantly (4x to 9x depending on tier) - you need a bigger factory to feed your science labs.
Science also now has its own dedicated production lines and intermediate products. No more making science packs from conveyor belts and inserters!
Currently has custom science pack recipes for vanilla and for Bobs mods.

Comes with flavor text (at least in English and German (partial), no other localization done yet), giving a bit more feasible explanations as to how these are used in adapting technology to the alien world.
New tiers or labs are also enabled by default, mainly making them more energy hungry, forcing you to expand your energy infrastructure as well.

The ingame mod config has an option for what cost difficulty you want, and what science pack recipes you want. (More settings will be added in future version).

Special Thanks to:
zocke1r - German Locale

Forum Thread: https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=91&t=14294