Heya, I'm not sure how to describe the bug in a single sentence as I did in the title.
A siphon subtracts a certain amount of ores and adds it to its own dust. I believe it is static at removing 30 ores from a resource tile, and then adding dust to its own "chamber" to process into ores. The amount of dust it adds to this chamber is modified by productivity research (Really cool by the way).
If I am understanding the above part correctly, then even if it for some reason subtracts less than 30 ores, it doesn't take it into consideration of how much dust the "less than 30 ores" would provide. In a vanilla game, the only situation where it can subtract less than 30 ores is when there's just <30 ores on a tile (i.e. the tile is about to be mined out). So if with +100% mining productivity 30 ores would yield 60 dust, then 10 ores would still yield 60 dust.
I figured this out with spawning an ore tile of 50 and letting the siphon mine it. It made no difference in how much dust it generated when it subtracted the first 30 or mined out the last 20.
While writing out this page and doing some testing in the middle of it, I discovered that there can be no more than 10XX resources in the "chamber". You'd need a really high level of mining productivity for this (I don't know exactly the level) but I found out when I had mining productivity 1000. when I researched all the way to mining productivity 2000, the value didn't change. It should of course have been very close to double the ores in that chamber as opposed to mining productivity 1000.
I mean, it's fair to say that very few people will reach that barrier in the first place, and I really don't mind if you don't fix this bug (Either the former or latter bug!) because it will take literal days or weeks for even the best megabases. And with the former, setting a check or calculation to create dust based on how much ores is left in a resource tile will probably cost more UPS than it is worth it for the accuracy. We're talking a "benefit" of 29 iron plates at best at 0% mining productivity per resource tile, while tiles have excess of thousands or tens of thousands.
But, still wanted to let you know. Here's a save where you can test things:
https://www.mediafire.com/file/i81tjhcw56rwzec/SIPHONTEST.zip/file
Open up the console and just repeat the command (the up button on your keyboard) to spawn an ore patch of 50. The siphon script can get confused because this is such a weird situation, resources normally don't spawn out of thin air. You might have to put down the siphon 2-3 times or refresh it's recipe.
The infinity mod that comes with it allows you to research instantly anything without needing labs in case you want to go crazy with mining productivity (tip: load in multiplayer so you can spam the heck out of the button without it pausing during research screen.)