Since I am coloblind, I am using some mods that modify colors of things - for instance colors of red and green wires. Probably it is possible to mark the state of the input also by name - or grab the actual color from entity-prototype.

Hm, yeah, Colorblind Circuit Network replaces icons with yellow-wire/blue-wire, and I guess it should be possible to parse names from there and adjust some descriptions and colors based on that.
Even easier to bind blue/yellow env vars to same metatables as red/green, so that code will work the same using either of these names.

I hate the names too.
But watch out, there is more than one mod out there to mitigate colorblindness problems. For instnace I use a patched version of Palette Cleanser mod at the moment, since Colorblind Circuit Network is not enough.
Unfortunately the acual color of the wire is hidden inside the sprite. So I guess there is no easy way to fix this. You should probably put this on low priority.

Simpliest fix would probably be to add two "wire name" options, which players can customize to whatever they have in the game or just prefer instead of default names.

Or just add some subtitle: "green signals:" and "red signal:" or only "green" and "red". That would be better (and less effort probably)
Color blind people are always keen on text or icon shapes

Added these options to startup mod settings in 0.0.4, changing names in lua (though red/green are always available there too, for compatibility) and in guis everywhere, added subtitle on the right too e.g.:

Just a matter of adding two conf values and templating them anywhere I could find the word "red" - https://github.com/mk-fg/games/commit/dec7baf :)

Noticed that old wire colors were used in debug=true log-dump, fixed in 0.0.5 ( https://github.com/mk-fg/games/commit/298505c ), though also want to bundle some editing hotkeys there.

So you implemented your idea as well my suggestion. I like your style!