So, I found out that things don't actually get deleted once you exit the initial factory when phasing through the wall. You could just not access it, but in the 'surfaces' tool of the map editor, you can still select and teleport to the factory building. I also found out that the cloning tool seems to cause a few minor issues when copying factory buildings itself. When I had copied my base to a new building in the overworld, I noticed that the factories had been placed in the new building successfully, but had been removed from the original one. This probably happens because the buildings and their entrances are just some sort of link to the actual surface you'd enter.
Other problems I've found is the fact that I can't seem to set the player spawn inside the new factory and that every time the world is loaded now, the game will generate a new factory in the overworld and place them all on top of each other where the original used to be. You can pick up the buildings and notice it's multiple on top of each other, and you can even get a listing of all their different surfaces in the tool again.
I've also tried deleting all empty and unnecessary surfaces including the original using this tool in hopes of stopping these infinite worlds and maybe forcefully resetting the spawn location, but it seems that whenever the game is unpaused, the world will crash due to some event listeners for the on_tick method still being activated for some indecies that presumably point to said deleted surfaces.
I'm honestly at a loss. So far, I see no hope in restoring my world, which is incredibly frustrating. I'll see if any workarounds or solutions can be found in the future.