In my case it happened after I updated another mod, but in a running game, so not a fixed incompatibility. If it was similar for you, try this:
Disable Companion Drones, enable Teleporters, start the game. Load your save, get out (without saving). Enable Companion Drones, see if the game starts.
In my case it happens after every Space Exploration update, and I just disable companion drones, start Factorio, enable companion drones, restart it, it works.