Given that you mentioned you are open to suggestions:
Future plans
Add compatibility with Muluna
I'm open to suggestions/ideas ;)
Keeping in mind that Muluna also offers Exploration Science, which is themed about space observations and data from other planets, although that may also be made a bit more difficult, you could give the Space Science a bit more space testing theme.
My idea in general is to require items being imported from Nauvis (or other planets, maybe for alternative recipes) that do not exist on Muluna and test (process) them on Muluna for their behavior.
However, due to the nature of Muluna being a self-sufficient planet, providing the player with all the necessary resources, there are not many options for items to use in this concept.
The only thing I could think of is barreled crude oil and fish, however fish breeding is not yet unlocked at this moment.
In modded setups, uranium is also often moved to another planet.
You could introduce a new intermediate that has to be made on Nauvis that you can move to Muluna to process to make Space Science.
The "fun" thing about barreled crude oil is obviously the fact that you end up with an empty barrel at Muluna so you have to deal with that at some point.
The new intermediate could be whatever your mind can come up with as extra complexity. (It could also be a fluid... or a satellite.)
TLDR, using that idea, the Space Science would require space logistics of intermediates and give Space Science the theme of testing chemical behavior in space... or rather on a moon.
