Allows you to change the length of space routes, or increase all routes by a custom value. 10x by default. Provides a good challenge.
Small changes concerning balance, gameplay, or graphics.
Map generation and terrain modification.
Can I install and change an ongoing run?
If I am understanding your question right, yes you can install it and add to an existing run. You cannot change the settings of the mod however without saving and quitting with restarting your game.