as far as i had seen in 0.16, a whole "handful" would be moved into the lab and thus the inserter shouldn't get stuck by only delivering a partial "handful". but maybe bad timing would cause this if an inserter wanted to insert bottles which were no longer needed when some research JUST had finished !?
withvanilla research this would rarely be a problem since most research uses the same or even more additional bottles than the last, and just temporarily selecting another higher research would take care of the problem. but if it happened on special researches whose bottles were not used by many/any other research, this problem would easily appear.
if i understood this correctly, some patchnotes for a 0.17.x version said that science bottles now wouldn't only be loaded when they are needed for the current research, but always when they are missing in the lab. thus the above possible effect (of being stuck on an inserter when a research finished at the wrong time) shouldn't happen in 0.17 !?