Technically, Factorio does not provide any APIs to interact with another server or something. This limitation is well explained in the factorio's friday facts and clusterio mod. For the reason, this mod also uses Rcon interface to intervene in a game. Therefore, as long as single player mode does not support Rcon interface, this mod cannot work.
And.. the trading mechanism is simple.
To deposit items to the cloud, build a tx rocket silo, fuel it, put items in the rocket inventory, and launch.
To withdraw items from the cloud, build a rx rocket silo, give signals which represent items you want, to a lamp attached to the silo, and launch.
I have a plan to make a demo video soon. You may see how this mod works then.
There can be one remote cloud server and multiple local game servers, and the number of local game servers are not limited.