There are no limitations in distance.
Currently, erosion tile candidates are chosen from 5% of coast tiles within range from 1 to 100 by randomly on every 1000 ticks.
1 <= 5% of coast tiles <= 100
Theses candidates are tended to erode by depends on its surrounded water tile count.
This means, The tile which surrounded by 3 water tiles has a big probability to be eroded by comparison to the tile which neighbored 1 water tile.
On the other hand, there are no difference in erosion speed with such as grass, sand or something now.