The tier colour coding is a relatively new thing. I did a pole a while back, and it basically goes after belt colours.
I did swap green and purple around at the time to make Green top tier, and I've slowly been updating things over time to follow the pattern.
Grey = 0, Yellow, Red, Blue, Purple, Green = 5. and Tier should correspond to tech level, not just what number the item is. This is most obviously seen on my steam power systems, as Boiler MK3, Oil Burning Boiler MK2 and Heat Exchanger MK1 all give the same temperature steam, and are therefore all tech level 2. (because boiler MK1 itself is tech level 0)