Some update must have broken it, the anti-quality modules no longer exist anywhere, research, editor, etc.

I just tested it with a fresh space age game and it worked as expected for me. The anti-quality module is unlocked with the "Quality module" technology. Would you mind sharing a list of other mods you're using to help me replicate the issue?

When you said that it works for you I figured out what was it that's breaking it, its eneas.

https://mods.factorio.com/mod/moon-eneas?from=updated

Eneas splits up the quality technologies to make some of its features like bonus early quality gifts work. Instead of unlocking quality 2 and 3 alongside the module, you unlock quality 2 and 3 first, THEN the module, which it does with 2 new techs, meaning the old one (that unlocks the anti quality module) is removed meaning that the anti-quality module can no longer be unlocked because its tied to a tech that the mod removes.

https://imgur.com/a/ayiQs89

Somehow this also removes it from the editor, but idk ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ , at least we figured out the cause.