Asteroids are not void.

I think this mod should do what you want: https://mods.factorio.com/mod/kry_safe_planets

It's close, you can't disable chunks but you can just choose to ignore them. I posted this right when i got to space but after the playthrough I think asteroids that give no resources may be better since just the fuel production chain is extremely simple.

For anyone that happens across this in the future you can fully disable asteroids with /c game.map_settings.asteroids.spawning_rate = 0. You can't get promethium asteroids without re-enabling all asteroids.

Thanks for the mod, it was fun.