In Factorio's data, all entities have a specific class and a unique name. For instance, a mod adds the entity data.raw["electric-pole"]["big-wooden-pole"]. The "electric-pole" part is defined by Factorio, the last part is named by the mod-maker. Thus, both parts need to be listed so I can change the right entity.
There's no reason you couldn't set new items to all have the same color, if so desired. I'll also let you list vanilla entities in your config so you can override my color choices.
I could do the list in a slightly different form to group them by class, but I think it would be more confusing to non-programmers:
{ ["electric-pole"] = {
"big-wooden-pole", {r=.9, g=.8, b=.7, a = part},
"some-other-pole", {r=.8, g=.7, b=.6, a = part},
},
tile = {
"wood-floor", {r=.5, g=.3, b=.2, a = full},
"lava-floor", {r=.8, g=.4, b=0, a = full},
},
}