Hi, glad you are enjoying the mod!
The graphics is not (so far as I am aware) the main performance issue - the main problem is that the nukes force the game to create huge numbers of particles and entity updates, and execute large quantities of lua. Turning off particle rendering doesn't help either - they are still processed, just not rendered. I don't yet have conclusive proof of what is causing most of the lag,, but it seems to make sense that graphics are not the issue (nothing more is being rendered than normal, and the lag doesn't depend on what you are looking at), so the best you can do is making the computer have to do fewer other things in the background - closing anything else you have open so as to reduce CPU/memory usage, might help a bit.
To reduce the lag, the best you can do is look at the mod settings, and max out the blast radius reduction (the one referring to the 100kt) - this reduces how much of the blast is simulated, trading off realism for performance (a larger number corresponds to a greater reduction).
In the end the 100kt isn't really intended as a useful weapon, more of a toy to show how destructive a real sized nukes can be, so I might recommend using the 15kt or the 1kt.
The mod has some optimisations for destroying trees, so avoiding your own base being within the blast radius will improve performance.
In the long term, I do have a few future optimisations in mind, but these would be quite complex and might not improve things much, depending on what the largest performance cost is.