First, I'd personally refer if this was a quality-of-life mod that didn't massively impact factory design. Personal teleporters are a convenience, not a new logistical solution. Second, that would require changing robot pathfinding. Assuming that's possible, that would greatly add to the UPS cost of robots.
Currently, the game just picks the closest idle robot to the pickup part of a task, then has that robot go in a straight line from where it is to the building/ingredient that needs to be picked up, then go in a straight line to place where it needs to be built/inserted, then go in a straight line to the nearest roboport. Having bots use teleporters would add a step to check whether it would be faster to go through a teleporter (and what teleporter to depart from or arrive at), and whenever they <i>did</i> decide to use a teleporter, it would double whatever it takes to determine what direction the straight line needs to be in (because the bot needs to fly from point A to the teleporter and from a different teleporter to point B, instead of just points A and B). The first part is almost certainly more computationally intensive, but the second doesn't help.