I tested this by setting the seablock cellulose fiber foraging recipe to use a nil ingredients table instead of an empty one. Factorio gave the following error:
11.276 Mods to disable:Failed to load mods: Error while loading recipe prototype "sb-cellulose-foraging" (recipe): Difficulty normal: Key "ingredients" not found in property tree at ROOT.recipe.sb-cellulose-foraging
Modifications: Sea Block
I don't see any point in supporting nil ingredients if the base game refuses to load them.