Hi Klydon,
You can install Puzzletory mod directly from game: Mods -> tab "Install" -> search "Puzzletory" -> select row -> click to "install" button -> click to "confirm" button. If you have already installed some files by copying, you should delete it before this new installation.
Or you can download zip (the last version is 1.0.2) from this page and add it to the mods directory. It is: \Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Factorio\mods\ in my Windows 10. You need not unpack the zip.
Then you can start Puzzletory: Single Player -> New Game -> Mod scenarios -> Puzzletory/Puzzletory.
If it still shows error: You can try to disable temporary other mods. Some mods are not compatible with others.
If it still shows error: You can send me a screenshot of your "mods" and "single player->new game" window + screenshots of your \Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Factorio\mods\ directory.