Makes vanilla science recipes far more difficult, especially the later ones. My goal was to create an experience where reaching rocket tech in vanilla is a mammoth undertaking. It will probably require a megabase to complete. I found normal challenges that increase the quantity of science packs you produce kind of tedious. Instead, I wanted to have the science packs require progressively more and more complex and expensive ingredients to add new logistical challenges. For example, Production Science requires exoskeletons which means you will need to produce thousands of electric engines and therefore far more lubricant than you've had to in previous playthroughs. Also, Utility Science requires nuclear fuel to make Kovarex a requirement rather than optional tech.
Recommended that you play on a map high in resources and low in biters. Probably pairs well with Omnimatter or Spaceblock.