Let me explain in detail what I'm talking about. I'm going to explain this as if you've not dealt with the editor in game much, but if you've used it before then I apologize for the simplicity of the directions, but I figured I would give you exactly what caused my problem to better help you replicate it.
First, start a new game. Any game mode will work, so I chose sandbox mode.
Next, press the ~ key in the top left of the keyboard to open the chat menu.
Type /editor
If you see something about enabling cheat mode, type /editor a second time.
Once the editor opens, you will see 12 buttons in the top left corner of the screen.
The top right button, Surfaces, will allow you to force generate planets in Space age as well as switch which surface you're looking at.
The current surface should say Nauvis, which is where you start all games. At the bottom of the list of buttons is a button labeled 'Generate planets'
This is the button I pressed to generate Gleba and then the game crashed to menu.
Hopefully this helps and I apologize if you already knew any of this. I really didn't want to take the time to legitimately play the game to the point where I land on Gleba to then have it crash and burn to test if it happens outside of the editor or a sandbox game. Basically, trying to generate a planet that's missing a setting in the world generation screen is likely affected by this, the game just happened to list Gleba.