it requires version 2.0.5. The issue is MDR2 is on 2.0.16.
I have had a similar misunderstanding in the past. You would normally think that "2.0.5" is higher than "2.0.1(anything)", especially if you're a math geek and seeing it like a decimal. But that's not how version numbering works. It is actually (major).(minor).(revision) ... so in this case it's major version 2, minor version 0, and revision (5 or 16). Since 16 is higher than 5, 2.0.16 >= 2.0.5.
A revision is something like "we fixed a bug" while a minor version is something like "we added some new functionality" or "we reprogrammed how something works so it's smoother/faster." And, in case it isn't obvious, a major revision is when the entire thing gets remade, usually more or less from the ground up, which doesn't happen very often (and in the case of mods, is usually only done when the main program gets a major revision of its own), such as what just happened with the Space Age update causing Factorio to become 2.0.0 (or 2.0.14 as of this writing).
For what it's worth, the game automatically figures out dependencies and version requirements. So if it activates, it's good to go. If there was an incompatible version requirement, MD2R reskin would turn red (instead of white) in the Mods menu so it would instantly be noticeable (if you're looking).