Your issue is that Factorio does allow entities to produce negative pollution, but does not allow negative pollution clouds. Instead of making negative pollution clouds and sending them out of the factory building to cancel out the positive pollution clouds, what's happening is that your engine is just constantly resetting your factory's total pollution to zero, because it can't go any lower than zero. Since there is zero pollution inside the factory, Factorissimo can't transfer anything, so the pollution outside remains entirely unimpressed.
You'll have to place your pollution scrubbers outside, otherwise you'll just have a very clean factory building.
By the way, it also won't reliably work if you place a polluting factory building inside a pollution-cleaning factory building. The pollution will be transferred outside faster than the pollution cleaners can clean it all up.