I wasn't able to reproduce this issue.
I started Factorio 2.0.24 with only space-age, quality, elevated-rails, and Diversitree enabled. The game loaded fine and I was able to start a new map, enter cheat mode, give myself some tree seeds, and plant them.
(If you truly disabled all mods except this one, you'd get this issue because space-age isn't loading, and it requires space-age, but Factorio should stop you from doing that!)