Tried this in a space exploration save. Only showed Nauvis. Not unexpected.

But this is exactly what I want otherwise. Surfaces in SE seem to me like they should be consistent, even if the icons would be janky and there would be a dozen garbage surfaces I would need to manually blacklist.

It's certainly not impossible, but the main difficulty is definitely the icons. SE just has the generic "planet" and "moon" icons, so there'd need to be some solution to dynamically generate unique icons for each planet.

Maybe if it's possible to read the automation ID of each planet...

Well, my personal need has diminished due to progression. But, no tool to do this outside Space Age seems to exist which is 2.0 compatible - even reading the power network in a detailed way seems to be all pre-2.0. I ended up severing my production from critical infrastructure at 60% accumulator charge and reconnecting at 80%

If it was easy to implement, I'd say use whatever icon you want, make the hover give the surface name which appears, don't bother with names with "orbit" in them, and leave it to the player to do the hard work of finding the actual generated surface they want. I doubt people without access to a data center have generated more than a couple of dozen surfaces :)